**Theodor Holm Nelson** (født [[jernbaner:1937]]) er amerikansk [[sociolog]], [[filosof]] og pioner i [[dokumenter:informationsteknologi]]. Han skabte begrebet "[[dokumenter:hypertekst|hypertext]]" i [[jernbaner:1963]] og offentliggjorde det i [[jernbaner:1965]]. Han opfandt også andre ord, bla. //[[dokumenter:hypermedia]]//, ''[[dokumenter:transclusion]]'', ''[[dokumenter:virtuality]]'', //[[dokumenter:intertwingularity]]// and //[[dokumenter:teledildonics]]//. Hovedlinjen i hans arbejde har været at gøre computerteknologi let tilgængelig for alle. Hans motto er:
Brugergrænsefladen bør være så enkel, at den i en nødsituation kan forstås af en nybegynder på 10 sekudner.
Nelson grundlagde [[dokumenter:Projekt Xanadu|Xanadu-projektet]] i 1960. Målet var at skabe et computernetværk med en simpel brugergræsneflade. Anstrengelserne blev dokumenteret i 1974 i hans bøger //Computer Lib// og //Dream Machines// og i 1981 i //Litterære maskiner//. En stor del af sit voksne liv har han brugt på at arbejde med og fremme Xanadu. Af en række årsager, der stadig debatteres, blev Xanadu-projektet aldrig en succes. Journalisten Gary Wolf offenligjorde en ikke særligt flatterende historie om Nelson og Xanadu i juni 1995 udgaven af [[Wired magazine]]. Nelson udtrykte sin afsky på sin web-site og truede med at sagsøge Gory Jackal. [[http://ted.hyperland.com/whatsay/]]. Nogle elementer af Xanadu er ved at blive virkeliggjort med [[dokumenter:Tim Berners-Lee]] opfindelse af [[dokumenter:World Wide Web]]. Webbet skylder Xanadu meget for inspiration, men Nelson bryder sig ikke om World Wide Web, [[dokumenter:XML]] og al indlejret [[dokumenter:markup]] og han betragter Berners Lees arbejde som en oversimplificering af sit eget arbejde. HTML er lige hvad vi prøver at undgå; altdi brudte links, links der kun går udad, citater du ikke kanfølge til deres oprindelse, ingen versionsstyring, ingen rettighedsstyring. Ted Nelson ([[http://xanadu.com.au/ted/TN/WRITINGS/TCOMPARADIGM/tedCompOneLiners.html|Ted Nelson one-liners]]) '''Theodor Holm Nelson''' (born [[June 17]] [[1937]]) is an [[United States|American]] [[sociologist]], [[philosopher]], and pioneer of [[information technology]]. He coined the term "[[hypertext]]" in 1963 and published it in 1965. He also is credited with first use of the words ''[[hypermedia]]'', ''[[transclusion]]'', ''[[virtuality]]'', ''[[intertwingularity]]'' and ''[[teledildonics]]''. The main thrust of his work has been to make computers easily accessible to ordinary people. His motto is:
A user interface should be so simple that a beginner in an emergency can understand it within ten seconds.
Ted Nelson promotes four maxims: "most people are fools, most authority is malignant, God does not exist, and everything is wrong". {{Fact|date=June 2007}} ==Career== Nelson founded [[Project Xanadu]] in 1960 with the goal of creating a computer network with a simple user interface. The effort is documented in his 1974 book ''Computer Lib/Dream Machines'' and the 1981 ''Literary Machines''. Much of his adult life has been devoted to working on Xanadu and advocating it. The Xanadu project itself failed to flourish, for a variety of reasons which are disputed. Journalist Gary Wolf published an unflattering history, ''The Curse of Xanadu''[http://www.wired.com/wired/archive/3.06/xanadu.html], on Nelson and his project in the June, 1995 issue of [[Wired magazine]]. Nelson expressed his disgust on his website[http://ted.hyperland.com/whatsay/], referring to Wolf as a "Gory Jackal", and threatened to sue him. Nelson claims some aspects of his vision are in the process of being fulfilled by [[Tim Berners-Lee]]'s invention of the [[World Wide Web]]. However, Nelson says he dislikes the World Wide Web, [[XML]] and all embedded [[markup language|markup]], and regards Berners-Lee's work as a gross over-simplification of his own work:
HTML is precisely what we were trying to PREVENT— ever-breaking links, links going outward only, quotes you can't follow to their origins, no version management, no rights management. – Ted Nelson ([http://xanadu.com.au/ted/TN/WRITINGS/TCOMPARADIGM/tedCompOneLiners.html Ted Nelson one-liners ])
Nelson is working on a new information structure, [[ZigZag (software)|ZigZag]], which is described on the Xanadu project website, which also hosts two versions of the Xanadu code. He is currently a philosopher and visiting professor at [[Oxford University]] working in the fields of [[information]], computers, and human-machine interfaces. ==Education and awards== Nelson earned a [[Bachelor's degree]] in philosophy from [[Swarthmore College]] in 1959, a [[Master's degree]] in sociology from [[Harvard University]] in 1963 and a [[Doctorate]] in Media and Governance from [[Keio University]] in 2002. In 1998, at the Seventh WWW Conference in Brisbane, Australia, Ted was awarded the [[Yuri Rubinsky Memorial Award]]. He told the audience that it was the first award that he had ever received for his work. In 2001 he was knighted by France as "Officier des Arts et Lettres". In 2004 he was appointed as a Fellow of Wadham College, Oxford, and associated with the [[Oxford Internet Institute]], where he is currently conducting his research. He is the son of the late [[Emmy Award]]-winning [[television director|director]] [[Ralph Nelson]] and the [[Academy Awards|Academy Award]]-winning [[Actor|actress]] [[Celeste Holm]]. His ethnicity is primarily [[Norwegian American|Norwegian-American]]. == Bibliography == * ''Life, Love, College, etc.'' (1959) * ''Computer Lib: You can and must understand computers now/Dream Machines: New freedoms through computer screens—a minority report'' (1974), Microsoft Press, rev. edition 1987: ISBN 0-914845-49-7 * ''The Home Computer Revolution'' (1977) * ''[[Literary Machines]]: *''Literary Machines: The report on, and of, Project Xanadu concerning word processing, electronic publishing, hypertext, thinkertoys, tomorrow's intellectual... including knowledge, education and freedom'' (1981), Mindful Press, Sausalito, California. **Publication dates as listed in the 93.1 (1993) edition: 1980, 1981, 1982, 1983, 1984, 1987, 1990, 1991, 1992, 1993 * ''The Future of Information'' (1997) * ''[http://jodi.tamu.edu/Articles/v05/i01/Nelson/ A Cosmology for a Different Computer Universe: Data Model, Mechanisms, Virtual Machine and Visualization Infrastructure]''. Journal of Digital Information, Volume 5 Issue 1. Article No. 298, [[July 16]], [[2004]] == External links == *[[http://ted.hyperland.com|Ted Nelson's homepage]] *[[http://xanadu.com.au/ted|another Ted Nelson's homepage]] *[[http://www.mprove.de/diplom/referencesNelson.html|detailed Ted Nelson bibliography]] *[[http://www.xanadu.net´|Xanadu project webpage]] *[[http://transliterature.org|Transliterature - A Humanist Design]] *[[http://www.latrobe.edu.au/screeningthepast/firstrelease/fr_18/BBfr18a.html| ''The Magical Place of Literary Memory: Xanadu'']] in [[http://www.latrobe.edu.au/screeningthepast|Screening the Past]], July 2005 by Belinda Barnet *[http://www3.iath.virginia.edu/elab/hfl0155.html ''Ted Nelson and Xanadu''], in ''The Electronic Labyrinth'', 1993 *[http://wired-vig.wired.com/wired/archive/3.06/xanadu.html The Curse of Xanadu], June 1995 Wired article by Gary Wolf *[http://www.wired.com/wired/archive/3.09/rants.html reactions to The Curse of Xanadu], September 1995 Wired magazine, from [[Vint Cerf]] and Ted Nelson, *[http://web.archive.org/web/20041009214354/http://www.ics.uci.edu/~ejw/csr/nelson_pg.html Orality and Hypertext]: An Interview with Ted Nelson *[http://ted.hyperland.com/TQdox/zifty.d9-TQframer.html ''Way Out Of The Box ''], by Theodor Nelson, [[October 8]], [[1999]] *[http://www.file.org.br/file2005/textos/symposium/eng/tednelson.htm Software and Media for a New Democracy]a talk given by Ted Nelson at the [http://www.file.org.br File festival] Symposium/November/2005 *[http://www.wired.com/wired/archive/13.08/tech.html Wired article, recalling interview with Nelson], August 2005 *[http://webcast.oii.ox.ac.uk/?view=Webcast&ID=20051121_112 The Politics Of Internet Software 'Geeks Bearing Gifts'], a talk given by Ted at the Oxford Internet Institute, [[November 30]], [[2005]] *[[http://video.google.com/videoplay?docid=-8329031368429444452|Transclusion: Fixing Electronic Literature]], a talk given by Ted at [[Google]], [[January 29]], [[2007]] *[[http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=En_2T7KH6RA|Ted Nelson demonstrate Xanadu]]